Commento su Ma'aser Sheni 3:12
הַמַּשְׁאִיל קַנְקַנִּין לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגָּפָן, לֹא קָנָה מַעֲשֵׂר. זָלַף לְתוֹכָן סְתָם, עַד שֶׁלֹּא גָפָן, לֹא קָנָה מַעֲשֵׂר. מִשֶּׁגָּפָן, קָנָה מַעֲשֵׂר. עַד שֶׁלֹּא גָפָן, עוֹלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּמִשֶּׁגָּפָן, מְקַדְּשׁוֹת בְּכָל שֶׁהֵן. עַד שֶׁלֹּא גָפָן, תּוֹרֵם מֵאַחַת עַל הַכֹּל, וּמִשֶּׁגָּפָן, תּוֹרֵם מִכָּל אַחַת וְאֶחָת:
Uno che presta le sue brocche per Maaser Sheni [vino], anche se le ha sigillate [dopo aver versato il vino in esse], non hanno acquisito [lo status di] Ma'aser [ Sheni ]. Se uno si riversa semplicemente su di essi [senza specificare che li sta prestando], fintanto che non li sigilla, non acquisiscono [lo status di] Ma'aser [ Sheni ]. Ma da quando sono sigillati, acquisiscono [lo stato di] Ma'aser [ Sheni ]. Finché non li sigilla, vengono annullati [se si perde una brocca di vino Terumah ] in centouno [brocche]. Ma da quando sono sigillati, possono rendere sacra qualsiasi quantità [di brocche]. Finché non li sigilla, può separare Teruma da una brocca per tutti [le brocche]. Ma da quando sono sigillati, deve separare Terumah da ognuno da solo.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
המשאיל קנקנים למעשר שני – A person who lends his wine-vessel to bring in wine in them as he already called it by name “Second Tithe.” (see Ma’aser Sheni, Chapter 4, Mishnah 7)
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Introduction
This mishnah deals with jars that contain maaser sheni wine. The question is: do the jars become sanctified with the sanctity of maaser sheni?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
אע"פ שגפן – that he closed their mouths with a stopper after he filled them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
One who lends jars for maaser sheni [wine], even if they were corked, they do not acquire [the sanctity of] maaser sheni. If one is selling maaser sheni wine in Jerusalem, and he lends his customers the wine, then the jars do acquire the sanctity of maaser sheni because they weren’t sold only the wine was being sold.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
לא קנה מעשר – the wine-vessel was not seized in the holiness of [Second] Tithe.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
If wine was poured into them without specifying [that it was for sale] they do not acquire [the sanctity of] maaser sheni before they are corked, but after they are corked they acquire [the sanctity of] maaser sheni. A person took untithed wine out of a vat and poured it into jars without having the specific intention that he was going to sell the wine. If he makes the wine in it maaser sheni before he corks the jar, then the jar does not become maaser sheni. However, it he calls it maaser sheni after he has corked the jars, then the jars do become maaser sheni, because they are secondary to the wine. He will have to sell the jars in Jerusalem, and then use the proceeds to buy food and eat it there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
זלף לתוכן סתם – when he brought in wine of produce prior to the separation of priestly and Levitical gifts.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Before they are corked they are neutralized in a hundred and one, but after they are corked they sanctify any quantity. The following two sections do not deal with maaser sheni, but rather with various laws that are concerned with corked and uncorked jars. If one of the jars was terumah but it is unknown which jar was terumah, then if there are 100 jars of non-terumah and one of terumah, the terumah one is nullified. He may then take any one jar, call it terumah and the rest reverts to being hullin. This is the normal way that terumah is nullified (a good refresher on a large portion of what we learned in tractate Terumot). This is possible only if the jars were uncorked. Once they are corked, each jar becomes significant in its own right and it cannot be nullified. No matter how many jars are there, they are all doubtful terumah and they all must be treated as doubtful terumah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
עד שלא גפן – if he called it by the name, “Second Tithe” before he closed them with a stopper.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Before they are corked terumah may be taken from one jar for all the others, but after they are corked terumah must be taken from each jar separately. Before the jars are corked, they are considered a group, almost as if the wine is still in one vat. Therefore, terumah can be taken from one jar to exempt the wine found in other jars. However, once they are corked, each jar is considered its own separate entity, and terumah must be removed from each individual jar before it can be drunk.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
אם משגפן – if after he closed them with a stopper, he called it by the name, “[Second] Tithe.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
קנה מעשר – the wine-vessel is seized in the holiness of [Second] Tithe and it requires being redeemed for private use like wine, if he comes to redeem it with silver [money].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
עולות באחד ומאה – we are speaking about Priest’s due, if a wine vessel of Priest’s due [wine] was combined with one hundred non-sacred wine-vessels [filled with wine] and their mouths had not been closed with a stopper we consider it as if all of them became combined one with the other, and are neutralized in one-hundred and one according to the law of Priest’s due that was combined with non-sacred [wine].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
משגפן מקדשות בכל שהן – and even one in one-thousand is not neutralized and all of it should be sold to a Kohen for the monies of Priest’s due, except for the one of them that Kohen takes without money.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
עד שלא גפן תורם מאחת על הכל – and it is considered to be brought near.
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